The concept of minimal risk is especially influential in the US debate, not least because it is enshrined in the so-called Code of Federal Regulations containing rules governing research on human subjects. On research involving minors cf. in particular Subpart D., § 46.401-46.409. The concept of minimal risk also has a crucial status in Art.17 II of the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine of the Council of Europe (cf. Module 13). In the German debate Maio inter alia puts forward a risk minimization model in order to justify research conducted on minors for the benefit of others, cf. Maio 2002.