Currently, the field of iPS cells is subject of intensive research. With regard to their later therapeutic application, the advantage of iPS cells is that their generation does not require the destruction of embryos and that they are often immunologically more compatible than human embryonic stem cells.

The process of reprogramming which genetically ‘resets’ cells can cause the occurrence of short- as well as long-term genetic anomalies in iPS cells. These anomalies can, amongst other things, facilitate tumour growth. Therefore, researchers currently investigate how the process of reprogramming can be altered in order to decrease genetic changes. Additionally, standardised procedures for quality control of iPS cells are being developed.

A further aspect of iPS research consists in improving the efficiency of iPS cell derivation. The procedures applied at present only succeed in reprogramming a small number of somatic cells. However, large numbers of iPS cells are necessary to use them therapeutically. Additionally, hES research as well as iPS research focus on improving the cultivation and safeguarding a targeted as well as homogenous differentiation of stem cells. Furthermore, gaps in knowledge with regard to both stem cell types remain concerning the targeted suppression of cell division of stem cells in vivo that are either undifferentiated or not suitably differentiated.

Besides, stem cell research is targeted at gaining a fundamental understanding of early embryogenesis. Current research thus also attempts to explore the differences between hES cells, iPS cells, adult stem cells and SCNT cells.