Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) enables the long-term electrical stimulation of a wide variety of brain areas through permanently implanted electrodes and a battery-powered accompanying stimulation system. DBS represents an innovative, particularly versatile and promising form of neuromodulatory therapy and has proven its worth in recent years, particularly in the treatment of severe neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Although the potential suitability of this invasive stimulation procedure for the purpose of neuroenhancement has already been discussed in a number of publications in neuroethical literature, there have so far only been individual case reports from clinical practice which suggest that certain memory functions may be improved as a side effect in the course of a therapeutically applied DBS.