Genetic Enhancement

In bioethics, enhancement is the term used to describe interventions affecting the physical condition of a person which are not used for the purpose of treating a disease, but to enhance or bring about specific performance or characteristics (for further information, see the “In focus” on “Enhancement” and specifically the module “Genetic Enhancement”). As in gene therapy as a whole, genetic enhancement can be differentiated between an application to somatic cells of an individual and an application to cells of the germline with the aim of enhancing the offspring. If the aim is to improve the performance of athletes, one also speaks of gene doping.

Although it is difficult to draw a clear line between genetic enhancement and preventive or therapeutic interventions in the human genome, such a differentiation is widely accepted. It was for instance included in the Council of Europe's Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Article 13). This is based on the insight that an ethical assessment is required not only for the choice of means, but also for the choice of goals in biomedicine.

Further information:

Fuchs, M. (2013): Ethische Aspekte. In: Baum, C. / Duttge, G. / Fuchs, M.: Gentherapie. Medizinisch-naturwissenschaftliche, rechtliche und ethische Aspekte. Ethik in den Biowissenschaften – Sachstandsberichte des DRZE, Bd. 15. Freiburg i. B.: Verlag Karl Alber, 110–115. (German)

Council of Europe (1997): Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine. Online Version

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